Definition
Definition
Strangulation is squeezing of the neck with enough force to block the flow of blood to the brain and/or the flow air to the lungs. The loss of blood flow deprives the brain cells of vital oxygen. Even short periods of time without oxygen can cause damage to the brain.
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Causes
Causes
Strangulation may be caused by someone’s hands or an item wrapped around the neck. It may be the result of:
- An act of violence
- An accident
- Participation in activities with intentional strangulation
Risk Factors
Risk Factors
Risk factors depend on the cause of the strangulation.
Symptoms
Symptoms
Symptoms will depend on the force that is applied and the length of time it is applied. Some symptoms will be immediate while others may take a few hours or days to appear.
The interference with blood flow can cause:
- Confusion
- Mental changes such as memory problems, depression, insomnia, and anxiety
- Dizziness
- Loss of consciousness
- Death
Damage to the structures of the neck such as hyoid bone, voice box, or windpipe can cause:
- Difficulty breathing
- Difficulty swallowing
- Difficulty speaking
- Pain
Some visible damage may include:
- Redness
- Bruising
- Scrapes
- Swelling
- Broken blood vessels in the eyes
Repeated strangulation can increase the risk of long-term damage and death.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis
The diagnosis is made based on information provided by the patient and a physical exam.
Treatment
Treatment
Treatment will be based on the severity of injury.
- Soft tissue injuries can be managed with ice and rest.
- Soft foods or a liquid diet may be recommended if swallowing is too painful or difficult.
- Over the counter pain relievers may be advised to help reduce discomfort and swelling.
More severe injuries may require medical support to:
- Support breathing until the throat heals
- Address mental changes due to brain damage
- Learn new swallowing techniques
Prevention
Prevention
To help reduce your chance of strangulation, take these steps:
- Seek help if you are in an abusive relationship.
- Avoid harmful behaviors that may block blood flow to the brain or air flow to the lungs. Even minor interruption in blood flow can cause damage to the brain.
RESOURCES:
KidsHealth—Nemours Foundation http://www.kidshealth.org
CANADIAN RESOURCES:
References:
http://www.health.ny.gov/prevention/injury_prevention/children/fact_sheets/6-19_years/choking_game_prevention_6-19_years.htm
Accessed November 17, 2014.
Household safety. KidsHealth—Nemours Foundation website. Available at:
http://kidshealth.org/parent/firstaid_safe/home/safety_entrap.html#a_Avoiding_Potential_Hazards
Updated August 2013. Accessed November 17, 2014.
Strangulation signs and symptoms. Center for Relationship Abuse Awareness website. Available at:
http://stoprelationshipabuse.org/pdfs/Strangulation.pdf
Accessed November 17, 2014.