(Salter-Harris Fracture)
Definition
Definition
A growth plate fracture is a crack or split in or through the growth plate of a bone. Growth plates are softer areas of the bone that are made of cartilage. They occur at both ends of the bone to allow growth through childhood. The area hardens once bones are fully mature.
There are 5 types based on what parts of the bone are fractured:
- Type 1—fracture passes straight through the growth plate and separates the end of the bone from the shaft of the bone
- Type 2—fracture passes through the growth plate and the shaft of the bone
- Type 3—fracture passes through the growth plate and breaks off a piece of the bone
- Type 4—fracture passes through the shaft, the growth plate, and the end of the bone
- Type 5—compression (crushing) fracture of the growth plate
Femur FractureCopyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.
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Causes
Causes
Growth plate fractures are the result of a trauma to the bone.
Risk Factors
Risk Factors
These fractures can only occur in growing children.
Activities that are most often associated with growth plate fractures include:
- Competitive sports such as basketball, football, or volleyball
- Recreational activities such as skiing or skateboarding
The injury can also occur during a motor vehicle accident.
Symptoms
Symptoms
Symptoms can vary depending on the location and severity of the fracture. About one-third of growth plate fractures happen in the long bones of the fingers. Other common areas include the bones in the forearm and lower legs.
Symptoms but may include:
- Pain
- Swelling and bruising—may be mistaken for a sprain
- Visible deformity
- Persistent or severe pain in the area
- Difficulty walking or using the affected area
- Difficulty returning to a sport
Rarely, these fractures can interfere with bone growth, though the risk depends on the fracture type..
Diagnosis
Diagnosis
You will be asked about your child’s symptoms and medical history. The area will be examined by the doctor.
Images of the bone may be taken with:
Treatment
Treatment
The goal of treatment is to make sure the bone heals properly and can continue to grow. Treatments may include:
Immobilization
A cast or splint is often used to keep the bone in place while the fracture heals. They will also provide support and decrease pressure on the area to prevent further damage.
Surgery
Surgery may be needed to help line up and stabilize the bone. Surgery may include placing pins and screws in the bone to keep it in place.
Rarely, bone growth is impaired or stimulated by this type of fracture. Surgery may be needed to correct the growth problems.
Follow Up
It may be several months or years before growth problems develop. Your doctor will monitor your child’s growth progress until the bones reach maturity.
Prevention
Prevention
To help prevent fractures, encourage your child to:
- Wear proper padding and safety equipment when participating in sports or activities.
- Learn the proper technique for exercise and sporting activities.
- Take a break from sports or exercise when feeling tired.
RESOURCES:
Ortho Info—American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons http://orthoinfo.aaos.org
CANADIAN RESOURCES:
Canadian Orthopaedic Foundation http://www.canorth.org
References:
http://www.childrenshospital.org/az/Site927/mainpageS927P1.html
Accessed September 29, 2014.
Growth Plate Fractures. Ortho Info—American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons website. Available at:
http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00040
Updated January 2010. Accessed September 29, 2014.
When your child needs a cast. Kids Health—Nemours Foundation website. Available at:
http://kidshealth.org/parent/system/med_procedures/casts.html
Updated October 2012. Accessed September 29, 2014.
Last Updated: 9/29/2014