(Cytomegalovirus)
Definition
Definition
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common infection caused by a type of herpes virus. Once infected, the virus remains in your body for the rest of your life. It is often in a sleeping state but can be activated by stressful situations.
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Causes
Causes
The virus is passed between people through body fluids. CMV can be passed during:
- Kissing
- Sexual intercourse
- Breastfeeding
- Changing the diaper of an infected infant
Risk Factors
Risk Factors
This virus is so common throughout the US that everyone is considered at risk for CMV. People with the highest risk of getting this virus include:
- Children and childcare providers in day care and preschool—due to frequent exposure to bodily fluids
-
People with suppressed or impaired immune systems
including people with:
- Organ transplant
- Current chemotherapy
- HIV or AIDS
Symptoms
Symptoms
The virus does not cause any symptoms when it is inactive. The virus may be activated because of stressful situations, medication, illness, or reduced immunity. Symptoms of the activated virus include:
- Swollen lymph glands
- Sore throat
- Fever
- Fatigue
People with suppressed or impaired immune systems can also develop:
Diagnosis
Diagnosis
CMV infection is not often diagnosed because the virus rarely produces symptoms. If CMV is suspected, the doctor may look for signs of the infection in blood or fluid samples. A biopsy may also be done on organs that are affected.
Treatment
Treatment
Most people infected with CMV will not need a specific treatment. Treatment may be needed if the virus is reactivated and you have a weakened immune system.
Antiviral medications may be used for people who have an organ transplant or a suppressed immune system. These medications do not cure CMV but can decrease the symptoms and duration of the illness.
Prevention
Prevention
There is no way to prevent CMV, but there are some measures that can decrease your chance of the infection:
- Wash your hands frequently.
- Properly dispose of diapers.
- Do not share glasses or eating utensils.
- Avoiding intimate contact with people known to have the CMV infection.
- Practice safe sex.
RESOURCES:
Infectious Diseases Society of America http://www.idsociety.org
CANADIAN RESOURCES:
References:
http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/cytomegalovirus.html
Updated July 2013. Accessed June 10, 2015.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at:
http://www.ebscohost.com/dynamed
Updated February 26, 2015. Accessed June 10, 2015.
Cytomegalovirus and congenital CMV infection. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website. Available at:
http://www.cdc.gov/cmv/index.html
Updated July 28, 2010. Accessed June 10, 2015.
Last Updated: 6/19/2014